R290 (Propane) is a high-purity hydrocarbon (HC) refrigerant with the chemical formula C3H8.
It is a natural refrigerant that serves as an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic refrigerants like R22 or R404A in small commercial refrigeration and air conditioning systems.
General Characteristics
- Natural Refrigerant: It is a naturally occurring substance, making it one of the most environmentally friendly options available today.
- Environmental Profile: It has zero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP = 0) and an extremely low Global Warming Potential (GWP = 3).
- Energy Efficiency: R290 has excellent thermodynamic properties, including high latent heat of vaporization, which results in superior energy efficiency and lower power consumption.
- Flammability Class: Classified as A3 (Highly Flammable). Due to its flammability, systems using R290 must be designed with explosion-proof components and strict charge limits (usually up to 150g or 500g depending on local regulations).
- Compatibility: It is compatible with most common metals and works effectively with POE (Polyolester) and PAG lubricants.
Technical Specifications
| Property | Value |
| Chemical Name | Propane |
| Molecular Weight | 44.1 g/mol |
| Boiling Point (at 1 atm) | -42.1 °C (-43.8 °F) |
| Critical Temperature | 96.7 °C (206.1 °F) |
| Critical Pressure | 42.5 bar (616.4 psia) |
| Liquid Density (at 25°C) | 493 kg/m³ |
| Vapor Pressure (at 25°C) | 9.5 bar (137.8 psia) |
| Safety Classification (ASHRAE) | A3 |
Typical Applications
- Commercial Refrigeration: Supermarket display cases, bottle coolers, and ice machines.
- Residential HVAC: Portable air conditioners, dehumidifiers, and small heat pumps.
- Industrial: Process cooling and specialized low-temperature laboratory equipment.