Isopentane (also known as 2-methylbutane) is a branched-chain alkane. Like cyclopentane, it is a volatile liquid at room temperature but is frequently handled as a gas due to its extremely low boiling point.
General Characteristics
- Appearance: Colorless, transparent liquid with a faint, petroleum-like scent.
- State: Extremely volatile. It boils just below typical human body temperature.
- Flammability: Highly flammable; its vapors can travel to an ignition source and flash back.
- Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in oils, ethers, and most organic solvents.
Technical Specifications (Typical)
- Molar Mass: 72.15 g/mol
- Boiling Point: 27.7°C (81.9°F)
- Melting Point: -159.9°C (-255.8°F)
- Flash Point: < -51°C (-60°F)
- Density: 0.62 g/cm³ (at 20°C)
- Vapor Pressure: 79 kPa (at 20°C)
- Auto-ignition Temperature: 420°C (788°F)
Primary Uses
- Blowing Agent: Often mixed with cyclopentane to create high-performance insulation foam for appliances.
- Geothermal Power: Used as a working fluid in Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power plants.
- Laboratory: Used as a solvent and in the production of chlorinated derivatives.