n-Pentane is a straight-chain alkane with five carbon atoms and the chemical formula C5H12
Although it is a volatile liquid under normal conditions, it is often treated with gas properties due to its low boiling point.
General Information & Identifiers
- Chemical Formula: C5H12
- Chemical Name: n-Pentane (Normal Pentane)
- CAS Registry Number: 109-66-0
- Molecular Weight: 72.15 g/mol
Physical Properties
- Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid/gas
- Odor: Mild, gasoline-like or petroleum-like odor
- Boiling Point: 36.1 °C (97 °F)
- Melting Point: -129.7 °C (-201.5 °F)
- Relative Vapor Density: 2.5 (Air = 1) — It is approximately 2.5 times heavier than air.
- Density: 0.626 g/ml at 20°C [1.2.4]
- Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents like ethers and aromatics [1.1.3]
Chemical & Thermal Properties
- Flash Point: -49 °C (-56.2 °F) (Closed cup) — extremely flammable
- Auto-ignition Temperature: 260 °C (500 °F) [1.2.1]
- Flammability Limits (in air):
- Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): 1.4% [1.3.6]
- Upper Explosive Limit (UEL): 7.8% [1.3.6]
Safety & Hazards
- Hazard Statements:
- Highly flammable liquid and vapor
- May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways
- May cause drowsiness or dizziness (narcotic effect)
- Environmental Impact: Toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects