Cyclopentane is an alicyclic hydrocarbon used extensively in the insulation industry. While it is technically a liquid at room temperature, its high volatility means it is often discussed alongside industrial gases.
General Characteristics
- Chemical Formula: C5H10
- Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid with a mild hydrocarbon (gasoline-like) odor.
- Nature: Highly flammable and volatile.
- Environmental Profile: It is considered eco-friendly because it has Zero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and a very low Global Warming Potential (GWP).
- Solubility: Insoluble in water, but soluble in most organic solvents (ethanol, ether, benzene).
Technical Specifications (Typical)
- Molecular Weight: 70.13 g/mol
- Purity: Typically ≥95% or ≥ 98% (Commercial/High Grade)
- Boiling Point: 49.3°C (120.7°F)
- Freezing/Melting Point: -93.9°C (-137°F)
- Flash Point: -37°C (-34.6°F)
- Density: 0.745 g/cm³ (at 20°C)
- Vapor Pressure: 45 kPa (at 20°C)
- Auto-ignition Temperature: 361°C (682°F)
- Refractive Index: 1.406
Primary Industrial Uses
- Blowing Agent: The primary blowing agent for Polyurethane (PU) foams used in refrigerators, freezers, and thermal insulation panels.
- Solvent: Used in the manufacture of synthetic resins and rubber adhesives.
- Analytical Chemistry: Used as a reference standard in laboratory testing.